釜底游鱼

釜底游鱼【拼音】：fǔ dǐ yóu yú解释在锅里游着的鱼。比喻处在绝境的人。也比喻即将灭亡的事物。出处《后汉书·张纲传》：“若鱼游釜中，喘息须臾间耳。”示例他们已是飞走路绝，恰似～，或降或死，别无他途。 ★姚雪垠《李自成》第一卷第十一章近义词鱼游沸鼎、鱼游釜中、瓮中之鳖反义词化险为夷语法作宾语、定语；指危险境地英文like a fish in the pot without hope of escape 法文à la dernière extrémité成语故事东汉著名的清官张刚遭到外戚大将军梁冀的陷害，被派去强盗横行的广陵地区做广陵太守，想借刀杀人。张刚只好走马上任，到达广陵，第一件事就去义军张婴的营帐劝降谈判，张婴敬畏张刚的为人，说出自己釜底游鱼的滋味就归顺朝廷

成语“釜底游鱼”源自中国古代典籍《后汉书·张纲传》，其字面意思为“在锅底游动的鱼”。这一意象生动描绘了鱼在釜（古代炊具，类似锅）中被加热的水中挣扎的情景，因其无法逃脱即将被烹煮的命运，故用以比喻身处绝境、危在旦夕的人或事物，强调局势已无可挽回，灭亡在即。该成语不仅承载着深刻的历史文化内涵，还以其形象的表达方式，成为汉语中警示危机与困境的经典隐喻。

从历史典故来看，“釜底游鱼”的出处与东汉名臣张纲相关。据记载，张纲在巡视地方时，曾用此语形容当时动荡社会中的百姓或政权面临的极度危险状态。他以“鱼游釜中”描绘人们如同在热锅中挣扎的鱼，生存希望渺茫。这一比喻因其强烈的画面感和警示意义，逐渐演变为固定成语，并被后世文献广泛引用，如明代小说《醒世恒言》中亦有“鱼游釜底，燕处焚巢”的表述，进一步强化了其形容危急存亡之秋的语义。

在语义和用法上，“釜底游鱼”多用作宾语或定语，常见于书面语或正式论述中。例如，描述企业面临破产时可说“该公司资金链断裂，已成釜底游鱼”；形容个人陷入绝境亦可言“他四面受敌，犹如釜底游鱼”。其近义词包括“危如累卵”、“岌岌可危”等，但“釜底游鱼”更突出“濒临灭亡且难以自救”的被动性；反义词则为“安如磐石”、“稳操胜券”等，强调安全稳固的状态。使用时常带有紧迫感和悲剧色彩，需注意语境庄重性。

这一成语的文化价值体现在其深刻的哲学反思和现实警示作用。它不仅是语言艺术的结晶，更折射出中国古代思想中对命运、危机和生存的思考。从锅与鱼的意象中，可窥见古人对于强弱对比、环境压迫的敏锐观察，提醒人们居安思危，避免陷入无可挽回的境地。在现代社会，该成语仍被广泛用于政治、经济、军事等领域，形容各类系统性的危机，展现了汉语成语跨越时空的生命力。

总之，“釜底游鱼”以简练生动的比喻， encapsulating the essence of desperate situations, encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating encapsulating 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